Dr Rasoul Eslami,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Introduction: Blood flow restriction (BFR) has been shown to induce local hypoxia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of BFR-induced hypoxia on the angiogenic response to high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Methods: Thirty active young men (age =25.6±3.4) were randomly assigned to three groups (n=10 each): control, high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), and high-intensity interval exercise with blood flow restriction (HIIE+BFR). The HIIE protocol consisted of 5 sets of 5×30-second high-intensity running intervals with 30-second rest periods. BFR was applied at 60% of each individual's optimal occlusion pressure in the lower limbs. Serum levels of VEGF, HIF-1α, MMP-9, and MMP-2 were measured as angiogenic markers. Statistical analysis was performed using ANCOVA with LSD post-hoc test, with the significance level set at α=0.05. Results: The data revealed that compared to both the control and HIIE groups, the HIIE+BFR group showed significantly greater increases in serum VEGF and HIF-1α levels (P=0.002 and P=0.019, respectively). However, no significant differences were observed among groups for MMP-9 and MMP-2 levels (P=0.318 and P=0.101, respectively). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that combining HIIE with BFR can enhance the angiogenic response through increased VEGF and HIF-1α levels, but does not significantly affect MMP-2 and MMP-9. These findings support the notion that BFR-induced local hypoxia may serve as a complementary stimulus for improving vascular adaptations.
Ms Elham Anari, Dr Jamshid Banaei Borojeni, Dr Elham Eftekhari Gheinani, Dr Hamid Zahedi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Aim: Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopaminergic neuronal loss and motor symptoms. It is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced expression of key mitochondrial biogenesis genes, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), and cytochrome c oxidase (COX). Considering the potential of exercise to improve mitochondrial function, this study aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic, resistance, and combined training on the expression of these genes in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease.
Methods: In this randomized controlled experimental study, fifty male Wistar rats (8 weeks, 250 ± 50 g) were randomly assigned to five groups (n=10). Parkinsonism was induced by unilateral intrastriatal 6-OHDA injection. Exercise protocols included treadmill running (30 to 60 min, 10 to 15 m/min), ladder climbing (5 to 15% body weight), and combined training (3 aerobic + 2 resistance sessions/week) for 8 weeks. Twenty-four hours after the final session, substantia nigra and striatum were collected for qPCR of PGC-1α, TFAM, and COX. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc (SPSS v.26, p<0.05).
Results: All exercise interventions significantly increased the expression of all three genes compared to the Parkinsonian sedentary group (p≤0.05). However, combined training had the superior effect, significantly surpassing both aerobic exercise (for PGC-1α: p=0.04; TFAM: p=0.03; COX: p=0.05) and resistance training (for PGC-1α: p=0.02; TFAM: p=0.01; COX: p=0.02). Aerobic training also produced notable positive effects, while improvements from resistance training were smaller.
Conclusion: Exercise training, particularly the combination of aerobic and resistance modalities, is an effective strategy to enhance mitochondrial biogenesis markers in the Parkinsonian brain. This molecular adaptation acts as a neuroprotective mechanism and provides strong scientific justification for the clinical application of structured exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention in the management of Parkinson’s disease
Younes Sarkabood, Mohamadreza Kordi, Siroos Choobineh, Fatemeh Nasery,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are key mechanisms in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Physical activity plays a role in controlling and improving epileptic symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), the levels of HMGB1 and IL-10 proteins, and seizure severity in the hippocampus of epileptic rats.
Methods: Thirty-two male Wistar rats (6–8 weeks old; mean body weight: 226.625 ± 14.966 g) were randomly assigned to four groups: epilepsy, control, sham, and epilepsy + MICT. After completion of the 8-week training protocol, SOD and GPx activities were measured by ELISA, hippocampal HMGB1 and IL-10 levels were assessed by Western blotting, and seizure severity was evaluated using the Racine scale. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Mann–Whitney U test in SPSS.
Results: Epilepsy induction led to decreased SOD (p < 0.02) and GPx (p < 0.001) activities, increased HMGB1 levels (p < 0.001), decreased IL-10 levels (p < 0.001), and increased seizure severity. MICT increased GPx activity (p < 0.048) and reduced HMGB1 levels (p < 0.001) in the training group compared with the epilepsy group. Although SOD activity (p = 0.953) and IL-10 levels (p = 0.198) did not change significantly, seizure severity was significantly reduced in the trained group.
Conclusion: Moderate-intensity continuous training appears to exert protective effects and reduce seizure severity in epileptic rats by strengthening the antioxidant defense system and attenuating neuroinflammation.
Dr Sara Zare Karizak, Mis Zaynab Teimouri, Dr Abdosaleh Zar,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Introduction
High-Intensity exercise is accompanied by inflammation and oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the FIFA test with curcumin supplementation on serum MDA, TAC, and CRP in male football assistant referees.
Method
In this semi-experimental study, 20 football assistant referees (mean age 28.56±3.75 years, height 179±4.21 cm, weight 72.78±7.08 kg) were selected voluntarily then were randomly assigned to the curcumin + FIFA test and the FIFA test groups. The test + supplement group, in addition to FIFA tests, received 5 grams of curcumin daily (2.5gram at morning and 2.5 gram at evening) for five days. Blood sampling was performed in three stages (before supplementation, two and a half day before, immediately after, and 48 hours after the FIFA Interval Physical Fitness Test) and serum levels of variables were measured using the spectrophotometric method. Repeated-measures ANOVA and Bonferoni post hoc tests were performed in SPSS26.
Results
There was significant increase in serum CRP, MDA, and TCA in both groups in the first post-test (P=0.000, P=0.041, P=0.008, P=0.009, P= 0.048, P=0.014). Also, in the second post-test of the test group, the increase in CRP and MDA levels remained significant (P = 0.000, P = 0.022). However, TAC became a non-significant increase (P=0.160), while its increase in the test + supplement group was still significant (P=0.013), and in the test + supplement group, MDA became a non-significant increase compared to the pre-test (P=0.186), while in the test group it still had a significant increase (P=0.022). In addition, there was a significant difference between the groups in CRP and TAC values (P=0.024, P=0.05) and a non-significant difference in MDA levels (P=0.129).
Conclusion
Curcumin modulates some of the inflammatory and oxidative stress indices induced by endurance exercise (the FIFA test).
Ms. Negar Rostami, Dr. Mohamad Galedari,
Volume 19, Issue 21 (9-2021)
Abstract
Determining the intensity of exercise in children's sports programs has always been very important. The aim of this study was to investigate the rope skipping exercise with three different intensities on the acute response of salivary chromogranin A and alpha-amylase in girl students. 45 fourth grade students were divided into three groups (low, moderate and high intensity). They performed one session of rope skipping with three intensities of 50, 65, and 75% reserve heart rate, according to the metronome rhythm. The reserve heart rate was calculated by the Karvonen method. Samples of salivary immunoglobulin A and cortisol were collected before and immediately after the exercise and measured by the ELISA method. T-test and analysis of variance were used to evaluate the data. Alpha-amylase and chromogranin A increased significantly after all three intensities. It was Also shown that there is no significant difference between intensities in the amount of chromogranin A, While the amount of alpha-amylase in the group with an intensity of 75% of the reserve heart rate was more than 50%. Although more research is needed in this area, according to the present results, it can be said that probably a session of rope skipping with 50% of reserve heart rate has a less increasing effect on salivary alpha-amylase of girl students.
Somaieh Mahdaviyan, Farshad Ghazalian, Khosro Ebrahim,
Volume 19, Issue 21 (9-2021)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8-weeks of resistance training and vitamin D supplementation on some indicators of renal function in male rats with renal failure. Methods: In this experimental study, 16 male rats (7-8 weeks and mean weight: 350 to 370 gr) were divided into four groups (n = 4): training, supplement, training and supplement and control group. After induction of kidney damage through NX 5.6 surgical method and two weeks later, resistance training was performed for 8 weeks. Simultaneously, 1000 unit of vitamin D per week intramuscularly was injected. Finally, glomerular purification (using urea and creatinine levels) and serum levels of vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus were measured. Descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA test and Tukey post hoc test were used to analyze the data. The results showed that glomerular filtration and vitamin D in the training and supplementation groups showed a significant increase compared to the control and training groups (P<0.05). However, Urea and creatinine and serum calcium and phosphorus significantly was decreased (P<0.05). It seems that the simultaneous use of resistance training and vitamin D supplementation can affect glomerular filtration rate.
Reza Sabzevari Rad, Hekmat Ehsan Bakhsh, Ebrahim Fasihi Ramandi,
Volume 19, Issue 22 (12-2021)
Abstract
Adiponectin plays an important role in many metabolic and heart diseases. Regulation of liver enzymes is also essential for the health of the body's organs. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of a HIIT training period on adiponectin levels and serum concentrations of liver enzymes in obese and overweight boys. 22 obese and overweight boys were selected and randomly divided into two groups of control and experimental. The experimental group performed eight weeks of HIIT pedaling with 80% HR reserve intensity for 3 days a week. The variables of adiponectin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) using kits and laboratory methods as well as aerobic power, body mass index, and fat percentage of tests in the two stages before and after Exercise protocol was also measured and covariance test was used to compare the research variables and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship. The results were analyzed at a significant level (P<0.05) using SPSS software version 24. Performing eight weeks of HIIT exercise using a bicycle resulted in a non-significant reduction in adiponectin (P>0.05), AST(P>0.05) and ALP(P >0.05) enzymes. This exercise also significantly reduced ALT enzyme (P<0.05) and fat percentage (P<0.05) and increased aerobic capacity (P<0.05)
HIIT exercise strengthens aerobic power and reduces the percentage of fat and reduces the liver enzyme ALT in obese boys. Of course, more research is needed to clarify this issue.
Fadideh Alabaf Yousefi, Roghayeh Pouzesh Jadidi, Jabbar Bashiri, , Javad Vakili,
Volume 19, Issue 22 (12-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objective: the aim was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and curcumin supplementation on expression levels of FSTL1 and Smad7 and also Type I, III and IV collagens in rat model with myocardial infraction (MI). Methodology: 48 male rats were randomized into five groups of Reference, HIIT, Curcumin, Concomitant (HIIT+ Curcumin) and Control, following isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction. After Reference group execution in order to conform the MI, curcumin was administrated through oral gavage 15 mg/kg.day. HIIT sessions were conducted for five days per week, each session for 60 minutes, consisted of 10 bouts (each for 4 min) of running repetitions at 85-90% of v VO2 peak separated by 2 min active rest intervals between running periods. Left ventricular FSTL1, Smad7 and also type I, III and IV collagens expression level was detected by western blotting. Results: In all three intervention groups of HIIT, Curcumin and Concomitant, the cardiac weight was significantly higher (p=0.001, p=0.018 and p=0.001 respectively), while type IV collagen expression level was significantly lower (p=0.001 in any circumstances) than Control group. However, only in the Concomitant group, a significantly lower type III collagen (p=0.033) expression level as well as higher FSTL1 (P=0.001) and Smad7 (P=0.008) expressions were recorded, compared to the Control group. Conclusion: A diminished cardiac type IV collagen expression level in accompany with a zero mortality rate in all three interventions could likely imply on the safety of HIIT as well as curcumin supplementation to suppress post infraction myocardial fibrosis. However, only concomitant intervention could decrease infracted left ventricular type III collagen expression level, with an elevated FSTL1 and Smad7 expressions, which outlines their synergistic prescription to achieve better results. However, more researches remains to be done because of the lack of evidence and study limitations.
Dr Ali Asghar Ravasi, Dr Mousa Khalafi, Dr Karim Azali Alamdari,
Volume 19, Issue 22 (12-2021)
Abstract
Background and objective: Effects of exercise training on metabolic disorders through modifications in fibroblast growth factor -21 (FGF-21) level are controversial. Therefore, the aim of study was to determine the quantitative effect of exercise training protocols on serum FGF-21 level in adults with metabolic disorders. Methods: A systematic search of the published Persian or English-language studies from PubMed and Google Scholar databases up to march 2021 was done and standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated using random-effects models. Results: a total of 14 studies (aerobic training=3, resistance training=3, HIIT=4, concurrent training=4) including on 19 interventions conducted on 503 subjects (with overweight, obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and or fatty liver disease) were eligible to include in the meta-analysis. However, because of the heterogeneity, the final quantitative impact of 16 interventions was calculated as a declining serum FGF21 level after training [SMD=-0.44(CI: -0.65 to -0.22) p=0.001] which had no correlation with subjects age(p=0.10) or BMI(p=0.50) level. Conclusion: exercise training protocols are efficient tools for a remarkable decrease in serum FGF-21 in patients with metabolic disorders which seems to lead to more beneficial effects on metabolic disturbances. However, more clinical trials are still warranted in this area considering the role of exercise components such as exercise intensity and type
Mohammad Azimnezhad, Pezhman Motamedi, Mohammadreza Dehkhoda, Neda Khaledi,
Volume 20, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
Apoptosis is a programmed cell death and it’s associated with type 2 diabetes. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of endurance training on caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax gene expression of cardiac tissue in type 2 diabetic male wistar rats.In an experimental trial, 36 male wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups, Diabetic Endurance Training (n=12), Diabetic Control (n=12) and Healthy Control (n=12). Type 2 diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ. The endurance training included 10 weeks, 5 sessions per week running at speed of 27 m/min for 20-30min in 1st week and reached to 27 m/min for 60 min/day in 10th weeks. The animals were sacrificed 24 h after last training session and the samples were taken from cardiac tissue. The gene expression of caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax were examined by Real time-PCR. The one-way ANOVA was used to analysis the data. The significant level was set at p<0.05. The gene expression of caspase-3and Bax of diabetic control group showed significant increase comparing with healthy control group (p =0.001) while gene expression of Bcl-2 significantly decreased (p =0.001). The endurance training induced significant reduction in the gene expression of caspase-3and Bax (p =0.001) and significant increase in the Bcl-2 compared to diabetic control group (p =0.001). It appears that gene expression of caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax of diabetic cardiac tissue are affected by positive effect of endurance training and the endurance training induces improvement in apoptosis of diabetic cardiac tissue.
Saeed Vahedi, Mareft Siah Koohian, Milad Rahati, Negar Rostami, Elaheh Fallahzadeh, Roghayeh Afrondeh,
Volume 20, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
Covid 19 disease is associated with a wide range of clinical symptoms and long-term complications. For most sports medicine professionals, it's a new challenge for people to resume their previous activities after recovering from Covid 19 after receiving the exercise prescription and care. The aim of this study was to review the appropriate physical activity for those recovering from Covid 19 infection based on the type of involvement they developed during the illness. For this study, a review study method was selected. This is done in three steps. In the first stage, physical activity in Quid, in the second stage, organ involvement in Quid, and in the third stage, sports prescriptions in organ involvement by searching for appropriate keywords in reputable scientific databases such as Pubmed, ACSM, SID. ir and Science Direct were searched, content related to the purpose of the articles were extracted and collected and analyzed for content. Examination of organs after recovery from Covid 19 infection is essential to return to physical activity. Physical activity prescriptions in those recovering from Corona varies from disease to patient, and organ to organ. Exercising in Covid conditions requires consideration. The cardiovascular, respiratory, blood, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal systems are affected by Covid 19 infection. Exercise, on the other hand, has different effects on the immune system depending on its severity, and the immune system undergoes changes in Covid 19 disease. The type, intensity, and duration of exercise or physical activity vary according to the patient and the symptoms or side effects left by Quid, and the readiness of the various organs for physical activity should be assessed.
Dr Adel Donyaei, Mustafa Rahimi, Fatemehsadat Nabavi,
Volume 20, Issue 24 (3-2023)
Abstract
vitamin D deficiency is associated with many cardiovascular disorders. Arterial stiffness responses also depend on nutritional and exercise. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the relationship between arterial stiffness response after glucose uptake and exercise with baseline levels of vitamin D in inactive men and women.
The present study was an analysis correlation study, and the subjects were 88 inactive men and women with an age range of 20 to 45 years. Vitamin D, body composition, and arterial stiffness, were measured. Subjects then ran for 30 minutes at 65% of maximum heart rate. Also, 75g of glucose was given to the subjects after 30 minutes of activity, 60 minutes after the of glucose consumption and arterial stiffness was measured. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and analysis of variance with repeated measures at a significant level (P≤0.05).there was a negative and significant relationship between baseline levels of vitamin D and changes in CAVI in women (p=0.001 and r=-0.559) and in men a positive and significant relationship (p=0.005 and r=0.413).It seems that basal levels of vitamin D can be effective in the vascular response; due to little research, more research is need.
Dr Majid Kashef, Dr Maral Ramez, Azam Ahmadi,
Volume 20, Issue 24 (3-2023)
Abstract
It is estimated that by 2035, more than 130 million adults will suffer from various types of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, it is very important to know the pathogens of cardiac diseases and investigate new treatments. Also, despite continuous progress in diagnosis, patient education, and risk factor management, myocardial infarction (MI) remains one of the most common causes of morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality worldwide. The events associated with MI are highly complex and characterized by rapid metabolic and biochemical changes. Exercise training is an effective cardioprotective strategy that reduces adverse effects of MI and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Multiple signaling pathways of exercise preconditioning in mitigating MI-induced cardiac damage is one of the topics that has attracted much attention. In this article, some of the contributing factors in exercise-induced cardiac protection, including mitochondrial changes, metabolic changes, vascular adaptations, antioxidant capacity, heat shock proteins, cyclooxygenase levels, ATP-sensitive potassium channels, adenosine, protein kinase C, calcium and klotho homeostasis are discussed.
Dr Ali Barzegari, Dr Saeid Naghibi, Samaneh Safayi, Dr Mohammadhasan Dashti Khovidaki, Dr Anahita Salehi,
Volume 20, Issue 24 (3-2023)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare two methods of aerobic exercise on the levels of SOD and TNF-α in the heart tissue of diabetic rats. 40 male Wistar rats aged ten weeks were randomly divided into four groups of 10: healthy control, diabetes, diabetes+MIT and diabetes+HIT. The moderate intensity training group ran 5 sessions per week for 8 weeks on the treadmill for 60 minutes at a speed of 25 meters per minute, and the high intensity training group also 5 sessions per week for 8 weeks with a training time of 60 minutes and at a speed of 34 meters per minute. The heart tissue of rats was examined to determine the amount of changes in SOD and TNF-α using ELISA method. To investigate the difference between groups of variables, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc statistical tests were used at the significance level of P≥0.05. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the levels of TNF-α and SOD in the heart tissue of rats among the four research groups (P≤0.001). The levels of TNF-α in the HIT training group also showed a significant decrease compared to the diabetic group (P=0.001), While these changes in the MIT exercise group compared to the diabetes group was a non-significant decrease (P=0.117), the amount of SOD levels between the MIT and HIT exercise groups also showed a significant increase compared to the diabetic group (P=0.001). It seems, aerobic exercise with different intensities can improve SOD and TNF-α levels. Although the intensity of exercise in periodic exercise has been an effective factor in changing the values of both variables.
Mr Behzad Mohamadi Orangi, Dr Rasoul Yaali, Dr Mohammad Taqi Aghdasi,
Volume 20, Issue 24 (3-2023)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to Compare Effectiveness motor proficiency of the nutritional status on men in different age groups ((children, adolescents and young adults)), respectively. Statistical Society study was for children all student ages 10-7 years, for adolescents all student ages 15-12 years and for Youth of all students 20-18 of Tehran University except the student physical education. The sample was 90 people in each of the age groups, the four elementary schools and four high schools in Tehran and Tehran University male students were chosen by cluster sampling. This study was a descriptive survey and comparison measurement was test of instruments anthropometric and Brvnynks- Oseretsky. The results showed that among malnutrition, moderate nutrition and proper nutrition in adolescence and adulthood motor proficiency was not statistically different ages but among children ages motor proficiency were significantly different. In addition, no significant difference between motor proficiency age groups. It seems due to the impact of nutritional status on motor proficiency, and this issue was observed in this study at an early age; therefore, children are the most vulnerable in this context and considering the nutritional status of children is very important.
Dr Rasul Eslami, Navab Abnama,
Volume 20, Issue 24 (3-2023)
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate The effect of HMB-FA supplementation on the muscle damage markers after soccer matches. 24 male soccer players (age: 23±3 years, BMI: 22.8±2 kg/m2) were voluntarily selected as the statistical sample of this study and were divided into two Suppplement and Placebo groups (n=12). In this study, subjects participated in a weekly soccer microcycle with two matches. Subjects in the supplement-training group consumed three grams of HMB-FA daily during a weekly soccer cycle. Blood samples were taken in seven times (before supplementation, before the first match, immediately after the first match, 24 hours after the first match, before the second match, immediately after the second match, 24 hours after the second match). Plasma concentrations of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured by ELISA kits. Data analysis was performed using Friedman, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis and U Mann-Whitney tests with a significance level of p ≥ 0.05. After supplementation, a significant decrease in plasma levels of lactate dehydrogenase (before and after the first match) and creatine kinase (in the times immediately after the first match and before the second match) was observed (for all, p <0.05). Intaking HMB-FA supplement reduced the markers of muscle damage, which is essential for recovery from injuries caused by training and competition during a two race cycle. In addition, inaking HMB-FA supplement may have other effects, including reducing neuromuscular fatigue, reducing the inflammatory response, and rapid skeletal muscle regeneration, which requires further study.
Dr Seyed Kazem Mousavisadati, Ms Sima Nazari, Dr Keyvan Molanorouzi,
Volume 21, Issue 25 (9-2023)
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of snorkeling on teaching basic swimming skills in non-swimmer children and teenagers with fear of water. This research was an experimental type with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The participants were 30 children (8.95±0.64 years old) and 30 teenagers (15.06±0.71 years old) non-swimmers who were afraid of water, and the participants of each group were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). After participating in the pre-test of skills of entering the water, opening the eyes in the water, gliding, orientation in the water and movement in the water and breath holding, all four groups entered a 20-session course of swimming training, so that the experimental group with snorkel and the control group without snorkel were taught basic swimming skills by an instructor. Then all four groups participated in the post-test. The data were analyzed by two-factor multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and Benferoni's post hoc test. The results of the findings show that the main effects of age were not significant, but the main effects of training and the interactive effects of age and training were significant. Using a snorkel in children and teenagers did not have a significant effect on the skill of entering the water, opening the eyes in the water, but it had a significant and positive effect on the skills of gliding, orientation in the water and movement in the water. Also, the use of snorkel in children and teenagers had a significant and negative effect on breath holding skill. Considering that the results of the present study show the positive effects of using a snorkel on learning the skills of gliding and orientation in water and moving in water and its negative effect on breath holding skill in children and teenagers, it is recommended that the instructors who use snorkel to acclimatize children and teenagers to the water, provide additional training to improve the skill of holding their breath.
Mrs Sedigheh Nosrati Abarghoee, Mrs Fatemeh Nematian, Dr Roohangiz Norouzinia, Mrs Fatemeh Edalat, Mrs Dorrin Nikbakht,
Volume 21, Issue 25 (9-2023)
Abstract
Nurses, especially nurses in the intensive care unit, experience significant job stress that can endanger their health and cause a decrease in their sleep quality and happiness, and as a result, the quality of care for patients, and considering that the working conditions of the nurses in the intensive care unit Especially, it is in a way that increases emotional pressure and sad mood. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of online Pilates exercise on the quality of sleep and happiness of nurses in the intensive care unit.
The study was a quasi-experimental type of pre-test-post-test with two intervention and control groups and was conducted on 70 female nurses with an average age of 30.14±3.26. The intervention was held online in 8 sessions (3 sessions per week, 50 minutes in the afternoon in the form of warm-up exercises, main exercises and cooling down). Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality and Oxford Happiness Questionnaires and analyzed with spss 23 software and chi-square, t-test, and Mann-Whitney tests. At the beginning of the study, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. But at the end of the intervention, the average score of total sleep quality (p=0.045) and happiness (p=0.0001) showed a significant improvement in the intervention group.To improve physical and mental health, improve the quality of life, sleep and happiness, classical Pilates exercise can be recommended to be included in daily programs.
Mrs Nasim Sivandi, Dr Rohollah Nikooie, Dr Darioush Moflehi,
Volume 21, Issue 25 (9-2023)
Abstract
Amino acid taurine can increase the utilization of fatty acids and stimulation of lipolysis through augmentation of the expression of genes related to regulation of energy metabolism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of taurine supplement on lipid oxidation and substrate selection during exercise in obese women. 15 obese women (Body weight: 34.53 ± 6.33 (kg), BMI: 33.12 ± 3.23 (kg/m2)) performed a standard incremental test before and after 21 days of taurine supplementation (50 mg/kg). Blood samples were collected before and after the test and breath by breath mesurment of respiratory parameters were done throughout the test. FATmax (as the point at which fat contributes the most to the consumed energy) and Cross over point (as the point at which the predominant fuel changes from fat to carbohydrates, COP) were calculated. Heart rate, workload, and oxygen consumption corresponding to FATmax and COP were determined and compared between attempts before and after supplement consumption using independent t-test and analysis of variance with repeated measures. Following taurine consumption for 21 days, the changes in serum levels of estrogen and progesterone hormones, maximum oxygen consumption, and time to exhustion during incremental exercise test were significantly higher than before supplement consumption. Nevertjeless, the consumption of supplement had no effect on heart rate, workload and oxygen consumption corresponding to FATmax and COP points. Despite the increase in performance variables during exercise, taurine supplementation has no effect on substrate selection during exercise in obese women.
Dr Malihe Aveseh, Dr Maryam Koushkie Jahromi, Dr Javad Nemati, Dr Saeed Esmaeili Mahani,
Volume 21, Issue 25 (9-2023)
Abstract
Lactate has been recently considered as a signaling factor involved in metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of lactate entrance into the brain on endurance training-induced adaptations in lipid oxidation.
24 male rats (age: 8 weeks, weight: 197 ± 21 g) were divided into control (C), trained (T), and traind+4-CIN (T+4-CIN, which experienced the inhibition of lactate entrance into the brain during exercise). All animals performed a single session of acute endurance exercise following their 12-weeks training protocol. Free fatty acids (FFA) and triglyceride content in plasma and adipose tissue and cAMP and Inositol triphosphate (PI3) content in epididymal fat were measured immediately after acute exercise using ELISA and were compared among the groups by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Acute exercise significantly increased lactate concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (SCF) in both T and T+4-CIN compared to the C group. Lactate concentration was slightly lower in T + 4-CIN compared to the T. Immediately after acute endurance training, a significant decrease of 61 and 31% in plasma triglyceride levels, a significant decrease of 39 and 26% in adipose tissue triglyceride levels, a significant increase of 125 and 56% in plasma FFA levels, a significant increase of 217 and 125% increase in FFA plasma levels, a significant increase of 87 and 41% in adipose tissue cAMP levels, and a significant increase of 90 and 49% in adipose tissue inositol triphosphate levels was observed in the T and T+4-CIN compared to the control group, respectively (all P < 0.01). Plasma triglyceride and adipose tissue levels in the 4-CIN + training group were significantly higher and plasma and adipose tissue FFA levels were significantly lower (all P < 0.05) than the values found in the T group. In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that lactate can be effective on endurance training-induced adaptations in lipid oxidation due to its action in the brain.
